As a parent or caregiver to a child with Down syndrome, you want to do everything you can to advocate for their needs and celebrate who they are. One of the simplest but most powerful tools you have is your words.
How we talk about people—especially individuals with Down syndrome—shapes how they’re seen and treated. That’s why using respectful, person-first language is so important.
Proper communication about individuals with Down syndrome with both positive and accurate language is important in education and advocacy. It can help individuals avoid choosing words that may be hurtful or offensive in the Down syndrome community.
Use Person-First Language
People with Down syndrome and other medical diagnoses should always be referred to as people first. Person-first language puts your child before their diagnosis or disability, instead of defining them by a condition.
For example, say “Children with Down syndrome” rather than “Down syndrome children” or “Down’s kids.”
Referring to a disability first is one of the most common misstatements, so it is important to always remember to use “person first” language and teach others to do the same.
Use Proper Names, Spellings & Definitions
Down Syndrome
While Down syndrome is listed in many dictionaries with both popular spellings (with or without an apostrophe “s”), the preferred usage in the United States is Down syndrome.
This is because an apostrophe “s” indicates ownership or possession. Down syndrome is named for the English physician John Langdon Down, who characterized the condition but did not have it.
Avoid shortening and describing the condition as “Down’s” (such as i.e. “He has Down’s,”) or a child as a “Down’s child.”
Cognitive or Developmental Disability
Although it is clinically acceptable to say “mental retardation,” it is preferred to use the more socially acceptable terms — “cognitive disability” or “developmental disability.”
Parents and advocacy groups condemn the use of the word “retarded” in any derogatory context. Using this word is hurtful and suggests that people with disabilities are not competent. The “R-word” refers to the word “retard(ed).”
Society must instill a great sense of pride and self-esteem in all children, so our language must show that Down syndrome is not terrible or shameful.
R-word.org hosts a campaign that asks people to pledge to stop saying the R-word as a starting point toward creating more accepting attitudes and communities for all people.
Teach Others Through Your Example
You don’t have to become a language police officer. But your voice makes a difference. When you model respectful language, others learn from you, including family, friends, teachers, and even doctors.
Here’s a simple, kind way to correct someone when they’re using inappropriate or improper language:
“Actually, we say ‘child with Down syndrome’—it helps keep the focus on the person, not the diagnosis.”
Most people are open to learning and doing better, especially when approached with kindness.
Be an Advocate for Individuals with Down Syndrome
Your child deserves to be seen, heard, and included. When we use person-first language, we’re helping build a more welcoming world where all children can grow, thrive, and feel proud of who they are.
Language affects attitudes, and attitudes affect actions. We hope you’ll pledge today to use respectful, “person first” language.
If you’re looking for additional support for your child with Down syndrome, check out these resources:
- Down Syndrome – Early Intervention Services, Advocacy and Support
- Be a Good Advocate to Children with Down Syndrome
- Tips to Help Learners with Down Syndrome be their Best
- Instilling Good Behavior for Children with Down Syndrome
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